What is a Battery?

-atom B wants an electron more than atom A (i.e. B is more electronegative than A)

-attach a wire to permit the conduction of electrons from A to B

-place in a salt bridge (e.g. electrolytic solution) to balance the charges of the resultant products so that the reaction can proceed without impedence

-Cathode is reduction (Cathy is fat, she eats electrons)

-Anode is oxidation (Anne is anorexic, she vomits electrons)

-electrons flow from anode to cathode

Introduction to Electrochemistry

Galvanic Cells (Voltaic Cells)

Electrolysis

-In electrolysis, the positive side of the battery pulls electrons from the anode

-In electrolysis, the negative side of the battery pushes electrons onto the cathode

-electrolysis uses a battery to force a redox reaction that is nonspontaneous (to force electrons onto the negative side)

-Reduction ALWAYS occurs at the Cathode

-Oxidation ALWAYS occurs at the Anode

-electrons ALWAYS flow from anode to cathode

-only the charge of the cathode/anode changes from galvanic to electrolytic

Galvanic Cell Vs Electrolytic Cell differences

-Eo is proportional to “electronegativity”; high Eo atoms want electrons the most (think E = electron wanting)

Electroplating

Electroplating Part 2

-in electroplating, the oxidation and reduction equations are for the same element

Electrolysis & Electroplating Practice Problems – Electrochemistry

Standard Reduction Potentials of Half Reactions – Electrochemistry

Cell Potential Problems – Electrochemistry

Concentration Cells & Cell Potential Calculations – Electrochemistry

Cell Potential & Gibbs Free Energy, Standard Reduction Potentials, Electrochemistry Problems

Equilibrium Constant K & Cell Potential Problems With Ksp – Electrochemistry

Nernst Equation Explained, Electrochemistry, Example Problems, pH, Chemistry, Galvanic Cell

-increasing the concentration of products decreases the cell potential (voltage)

Analagous to this equation:

Rechargeable Batteries:

Lead-acid Battery

-the electrons given up by lead in the anode are taken up by the oxygen in PbO2, leaving a Pb2+ ion. Therefore, both sides result in a Pb2+ ion

Lead Acid Battery: How Do They Work? | Working Animation | Electrical4U

Trick to remember Reactions in Lead storage battery|ASN CHEMISTRY

Lead storage battery | Redox reactions and electrochemistry | Chemistry | Khan Academy

Nickle-cadmium Batteries

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=si7PaXtJX3k&ab_channel=SP